Almost 99% of the time, the reason that an electric radiant floor heating system would eventually stop working a couple of months after installation is because of damage to the cable element during installation. Even simple nicks or cuts can cause the system to fail in the future. Alterations to the floor (if not handled properly) can also inadvertently cause damage to the cables.
Resolution:
- Take a resistance reading:To ensure the cables have not been damaged, complete a resistance reading on the cable using an ohmmeter or multimeter. The Ohm value of the resistance conductor-to-conductor should be within ±10% of what is printed on the manufacturer’s tag. Measure the resistance of each conductor to ground, and there should be an open circuit. If the resistance value is not within ±10% of what is printed on the tag, or there is resistance when measuring to ground, the cable may be damaged.
- Check voltage:
Next, ensure the correct voltage is supplied to the in-floor electric heating cables. Applying 240V to a heating cable that is specified for 120V—known as over-voltage— will cause the cable to overheat and melt, damaging the system. Conversely, applying 120V to heating cables that are specified for 240V will not produce enough heat to maximize comfort. Verify power connection splice placement: If it is determined via resistance readings that the cables have not been damaged, the next step would be to make sure the power connection splice is embedded with the heating cable.
In order to dissipate heat correctly, the power connection splice has to be encased in mortar. Often, contractors will incorrectly place the power connection splice behind the wall, which does not meet electrical code. At least 3 in. of the non-heating lead should be embedded per National Electrical Code (NEC) 424.41(D). However, a good rule of thumb is to embed at least 12 in. of the non-heating lead. The typical recommendation includes the extra 9 in. because if the power connection splice is not embedded correctly, the connection will overheat and cause damage, pose a fire hazard and ultimately lead the system to eventually stop working. It is always important to follow the manufacturer’s specific installation instructions, as they will vary slightly.
Visit: Troubleshooting electric radiant in-floor heating systems article published in the RSES Journal for more information.